Procession of Akharas in Prayagraj Kumbh Mela: A Spectacle of Faith, Culture, and Devotion | |
The Kumbh Mela, a massive Hindu pilgrimage held periodically at four riverbank sites in India (Prayagraj, Haridwar, Nashik, and Ujjain), is the largest congregation of faith in the world. Of these, the Prayagraj Kumbh Mela is particularly renowned, drawing millions of devotees and tourists. A central and highly anticipated aspect of the Kumbh Mela is the procession of Akharas which showcases a unique blend of spirituality, martial prowess, and ancient traditions. This article delves into the activities, rituals, and significance of these processions, while also highlighting their attractions for pilgrims and tourists alike. Historical Context and Significance of the Kumbh Mela The Kumbh Mela's origins are rooted in Hindu mythology, particularly the story of the churning of the ocean of milk (Samudra Manthan). According to legend, during the churning, the gods and demons fought over a pot (kumbh) of nectar that grants immortality. Drops of this nectar fell at four locations—Prayagraj, Haridwar Nashik, and Ujjain — sanctifying them. Consequently, these sites host the Kumbh Mela, a gathering held every twelve years, with the Prayagraj event being the most significant due to its location at the confluence (Sangam) of the Ganges, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati rivers. The Prayagraj Kumbh Mela is distinguished by various rituals, the most significant being the Shahi Snan (royal bath), where ascetics, sadhus, and pilgrims immerse themselves in the holy waters, believing it to cleanse their sins and grant them spiritual merit. The Akharas: Guardians of Tradition and Spirituality Akharas are monastic orders of ascetics who play a pivotal role in the Kumbh Mela. These groups, traditionally involved in the protection of Hinduism and its practices, are classified broadly into three major sects: Shaiva (followers of Shiva), Vaishnava (followers of Vishnu), and Udasi (followers of Guru Nanak and the Sikh tradition). Each sect is further divided into several sub-groups, with a total of 13 prominent Akharas recognized by the Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad, the apex body of these monastic orders. The major Akharas include: 1. Juna Akhara 2. Niranjani Akhara 3. Mahanirvani Akhara 4. Atal Akhara 5. Nirvani Akhara 6. Awahan Akhara 7. Anand Akhara 8. Agni Akhara 9. Digambar Akhara 10. Nirmohi Akhara 11. Naya Udasi Akhara 12. Bada Udasi Akhara 13. Nirmal Akhara These Akharas not only uphold religious and spiritual traditions but also serve as centers for learning and martial training. The processions of these Akharas during the Kumbh Mela are a spectacle, blending piety with grandeur. The Procession of Akharas: A Grand Spectacle The Akhara processions, also known as Peshwai, are elaborate and vibrant, marking the arrival of these ascetic orders at the Kumbh Mela. Each procession is a demonstration of the Akhara's strength, devotion, and rich heritage, often resembling royal processions with their grandeur and pageantry. 1. Ritualistic Preparations: Before the procession begins, elaborate rituals are conducted at the Akhara camps. These include prayers, chanting of hymns, and ceremonial offerings to deities. The sadhus and mahants (heads of Akharas) adorn themselves with traditional attire and sacred ash (vibhuti), symbolizing their renunciation and spiritual commitment. 2. Formation of the Procession: The procession typically includes chariots (rathas) carrying the idols of the presiding deities of the Akharas, followed by rows of ascetics displaying various yogic and martial arts skills. Elephants, horses, and camels are often part of the entourage, adding to the regality of the event. 3. Naga Sadhus: A distinctive feature of the Akhara processions is the presence of Naga sadhus, naked ascetics smeared in ash, carrying tridents and swords. These warriors of spirituality are known for their austere lifestyles and physical prowess. Their participation is symbolic of the Akharas' historical role in defending the faith. 4. Music and Dance: Traditional music, including the sound of conch shells, drums, and bells, accompanies the procession, creating an aura of divinity. Devotional songs and dances by the ascetics and devotees add to the festive atmosphere. 5. Public Participation: The processions attract large crowds of pilgrims and tourists who line the streets to witness the spectacle. Devotees seek blessings from the sadhus, who often distribute prasad (consecrated food) and sacred ash. 6. Route and Destination: The processions typically commence from the Akhara camps and proceed towards the Sangam, the confluence of the rivers, where the Akharas perform the Shahi Snan. This royal bath is the culmination of the procession, with the sadhus immersing themselves in the holy waters. | |
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