Seven Pagodas of Mamallapuram - Marvel of Ancient Indian Art and Architecture | |
The coastal town of Mamallapuram (also known as Mahabalipuram) in Tamil Nadu, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its ancient rock-cut temples and intricate sculptures. While today’s visitors can marvel at the remaining temples and monuments of this town, ancient legends speak of the famed Seven Pagodas, a term used to describe a group of temples along the coastline. Only one of these temples, the Shore Temple, still stands, while the rest are believed to have been submerged under the sea. The legend of the Seven Pagodas gained archaeological attention in the 19th century when British explorers and scholars noted local traditions and the Shore Temple’s prominence. Subsequent studies and excavations revealed submerged ruins, corroborating parts of the ancient lore.In 2004, the tsunami temporarily exposed several underwater structures off the Mamallapuram coast. These included stone walls, platforms, and sculptures, believed to be remnants of the lost temples. Marine archaeologists have since conducted underwater explorations, uncovering more evidence of the submerged city. The Shore Temple and other monuments face challenges from coastal erosion, salt-laden winds, and rising sea levels. Conservation efforts by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) aim to preserve these ancient marvels for future generations. History of the Seven Pagodas: The Seven Pagodas are believed to have been constructed during the rule of the Pallava dynasty (4th–9th century CE), under the reigns of kings such as Narasimhavarman I (also known as Mamalla) and Rajasimha. Mamallapuram, named after King Mamalla, was a thriving port city and an artistic hub during the Pallava period.The temples were built as part of a grand architectural and religious vision to honour Hindu deities, primarily Shiva and Vishnu. They were constructed using Dravidian architectural styles with influences from Buddhist and Jain traditions. According to legend, six of the seven temples were swallowed by the sea as divine retribution for the excessive pride and prosperity of the city. European travelers and mariners referred to the Shore Temple as part of the “Seven Pagodas,” popularizing the legend.In 2004, the Indian Ocean tsunami revealed submerged structures off Mamallapuram’s coast, reigniting interest in the Seven Pagodas and lending credence to the myths of submerged temples. Architecture of the Seven Pagodas: The Seven Pagodas epitomize the Dravidian architectural style, characterized by intricate carvings, stepped pyramidal towers (vimanas), and open courtyards. The temples showcase a seamless blend of artistic excellence and engineering ingenuity.The temples were carved from granite rocks found in the region. Many structures were monolithic, sculpted out of single rock formations. This technique demanded precision and advanced knowledge of stonework, making these monuments a testament to Pallava craftsmanship. | |
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